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A subsequent study described three reduced toxicant prototype (RTP) cigarettes with combinations of these blend and filter technologies that resulted smoking machine yield reductions of 10% to 95% for a range of tobacco smoke toxicants as compared to scientific controls and typical commercial products with equivalent ISO tar yields (McAdam et al.2012)
The prime ingredient of cigarettes is tobacco, a crop responsible for huge swathes of dead rainforest
Reference Fowles44 Several studies have shown that smoking in adolescents and adults with bipolar disorder is associated with earlier age at onset of mood disorder, greater severity of symptoms, Reference Heffner, Anthenelli, Adler, Strakowski, Beavers and DelBello46Reference Medeiros, Lafer, Kapczinski, Miranda-Scippa and Almeida51 poorer functioning, comorbid substance misuse, Reference Wilens, Biederman, Martelon, Zulauf, Anderson and Carrellas52 suicide attempts Reference Ducasse, Jaussent, Guillaume, Azorin, Bellivier and Belzeaux53 and other adverse outcomes, such as readmission to hospital
