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A study of pyrazines in cigarettes and how additives might be used to enhance tobacco addiction

Figure 5: Nitrogen dioxide trends, by monitoring site in Aotearoa, 201623 Figure 6: Days above 24-hour World Health Organization air quality guideline for nitrogen dioxide, by monitoring site in Aotearoa, 202023 Sulphur dioxide concentrations continue to improve at most sites, but two of nine sites were above the 24-hour WHO guideline between 2020 and 2023 Between 2016 and 2023, trends in annual average SO 2 concentrations improved at three of four sites where trends could be assessed

In this study, we extend prior findings linking psychological distress to daily cigarette consumption and vaping patterns in two ways: 1) we focus on current daily smokers, examining the associations between frequency of vaping (every day, some days, ever but no longer, never) and quantity of cigarettes smoked (average number of cigarettes smoked per day)

[3] van der Eijk Y, Teo KW, Tan GPP, Chua WM