BPC-157 has been studied in structural, vascular, dermatological, and systemic models, with reports of activity in collagen regulation, extracellular matrix remodeling, angiogenesis, and wound closure
The newer peptide BPC and TB groups are selective signaling molecules that bind to surface receptors of cells and trigger intracellular activities
The secondary outcomes will be the serum vitamin B12 concentration (pg/ml), adverse events (description, moment of onset and resolution, intensity, cause, steps taken), adherence to treatment (measured at each patient visit via the number of vials used for patients in the oral arm, and the number of injections given in the intramuscular arm), quality of life (measured using the EuroQoL-5D questionnaire), and patient satisfaction and preferences
Upregulation of HIF-1 attenuates hemorrhagic shock/resuscitation-induced leukocyte adherence via an iNOS-dependent pathway