M.OrtegaF.SerranoM.GuerraE.PardoG.TinahonesF.et al (2013)
These data complement numerous previous studies that reported elevated ROS production in aged brains 74,75,76 , and an age-dependent increase of metabolites such as cystine (oxidized cysteine), cysteine-glutathione disulfide, and 4-hydroperoxy-2-nonenal (4-HPNE), indicative of glutathione metabolism dysregulation during aging 71,77
In addition, many substances such as alcohol, drugs, and various compounds can reduce glutathione levels in the body.One of the main pathways in phase II of detoxification is the conjugation with glutathione (tripeptide consisting of three amino acids - cysteine, glutamic acid, and glycine).Essentially, glutathione conjugation helps to detoxify and eliminate poisons and toxins in the liver, lungs, intestines, and kidneys
However, within this context, a systematic review and a meta-analysis have reported that exclusively breastfed infants wake more frequently at night [68, 69], while there is no difference in night or 24-hour sleep duration compared to formula-fed infants [68]