MSTN: A KEY REGULATOR OF MUSCLE AND FAT MSTN, also known as growth/differentiation factor-8 (GDF-8), is a member of the transforming growth factor- (TGF-) superfamily that negatively regulates skeletal muscle mass.[12] Its regulatory role in muscle was first discovered through the observation of a doubled muscle phenotype in homozygous Mstn knockout ( Mstn / ) mice, with the increased muscle mass resulting from both hyperplasia and hypertrophy of muscle cells.[12,13] This phenotype is thought to arise because MSTN represses myoblast proliferation and differentiation.[12,14,15] Such a role of MSTN in muscle is well conserved across species, as a doubled muscle phenotype has been observed not only in Mstn / mice, but also in humans,[16] dogs,[17] sheep,[18] and cattle,[19] with naturally occurring mutations in the MSTN gene
N Engl J Med 387:205216 Jensterle M, Herman R, Jane A (2022) Therapeutic potential of glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists in polycystic ovary syndrome: from current clinical evidence to future perspectives
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Research suggests that GIP also improves fat utilization, encouraging the body to burn more fat for energy rather than storing it
