Further exploration demonstrated that Swell1 overexpression in a mouse microglial cell line, BV2 cells, cultured in a hypotonic environment to activate chlorine channels, activated cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and forkhead box O3 (FOXO3a) transcription factors and the negative regulator of the NLRP3 inflammasome, WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 1 (WNK1) (Chen et al., 2023)
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Patch-clamp recordings Whole-cell voltage-clamp and cell-attached patch-clamp recordings were conducted at room temperature to measure capsaicin (CAP)- or proton-induced currents in dissociated DRG neurons and hTRPV1-expressing CHO K1 cells, respectively
A multi-strain probiotic increased butyrate-induced GLP-1 in a landmark study, and species including Lactobacillus reuteri , Bifidobacterium breve , and Lactobacillus gasseri have been examined in human trials