From an experimental design perspective, the key hypothesis is not that the peptides duplicate each others effects, but rather that they might support different rate-limiting steps in repair, such as cell recruitment to the injury site, fibroblast function, extracellular matrix organization, angiogenesis, and the transition from inflammatory signaling to remodeling
J Physiol Pharmacol 2010
Most people notice improvements quite quickly, but following the prescribed dosing guidelines is essential
Red or purple chromaturia is a side effect of hydroxocobalamin, typically resolving over several weeks.2 Additional causes of red urine include blood (e.g., traumatic catheterization, malignancy, infection), dietary ingestion (e.g., beets), and medications (e.g., rifampin, phenothiazines).3 Although benign and not warranting further evaluation by itself, hydroxocobalamin-induced discolouration of body fluids may interfere with colorimetric sensors