The drugs label will contain warnings for inflammation of the pancreas, gallbladder problems, low blood sugar, acute kidney injury, diabetic retinopathy, or damage to the eyes retina, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and suicidal behavior or thinking
The action on kidneys appears to be directly through the effects also on renin-secreting cells of the juxta-glomerular apparatus, whose stimulation may lead to increased natriuresis and reduce hyperfiltration, and indirectly by the reduction of angiotensin II levels, the increase in nitric oxide with consequently endothelial vasodilation and the improvement of risk factors of kidney disease (hyperglycemia, hypertension, obesity) ( Figure 2 )
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Important Note : If you have heart failure, chronic kidney disease, or liver disease, follow your healthcare provider's specific guidance on fluid intake, as these conditions may require fluid restriction rather than increased consumption