glp 1 parkinson's disease A New Treatment Strategy for through the Gut–Brain Axis: The Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Pathway Schematic representation of the repurposing

New Engl J Med

Timeline of Regulatory Milestones 2005: Exenatide (Byetta): First GLP-1 agonist approved, twice-daily injections 2010: Liraglutide (Victoza): Longer-lasting, once-daily injection 2014: Dulaglutide (Trulicity): Once-weekly injection arrives 2017: Semaglutide (Ozempic): First once-weekly injection for diabetes with powerful weight-loss effects 2019: Oral semaglutide (Rybelsus): First GLP-1 pill makes it past the stomachs defenses 2021: High-dose semaglutide (Wegovy): FDA approval for obesity treatment 2022: Tirzepatide (Mounjaro): First dual GLP-1/GIP agonist for diabetes 2023: Tirzepatide (Zepbound): Expanded approval for obesity 20232024 : Widespread shortages: Skyrocketing demand for GLP-1s leads to limited availability The shortage that began in late-2023, driven by soaring off-label demand and supply-chain bottlenecks left millions of patients unable to fill even maintenance scripts

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