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Pathogenesis and Negative Impact of Chronic Kidney Disease in Liver Transplant Recipients Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major comorbidity after liver transplantation, affecting up to 41.5% of recipients. CKD is defined by a reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) to less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m for over three months or longer. It must be recognized that a small percentage of patients have CKD pre-transplant and meet the national UNOS criteria for simultaneous liver-kidney transplant

Notably, the beneficial effect of the human gut microbiota on glucose metabolism could be strongly mediated by microbial metabolites, particularly TMAO, and be contingent on diet (Reference Palmns-Bdard, Costabile and Vetrani11,Reference Zhu and Goodarzi12)

Bennett, T.I

In a rat model of chronic pneumoconiosis induced by intratracheal injection of quartz powder, catalpol promotes mitochondrial biogenesis through the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1)/nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) and Transcription Factor A (TFAM) pathways, enhancing mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle, reducing muscle atrophy, and improving exercise capacity (Liu W